ROOTS OF LIFE: THE ESSENTIAL ROLE OF NUTRIENTS IN PLANT GROWTH

Nutrients are fundamental for the growth and development of plants, performing essential functions in the metabolic processes that guarantee their survival and productivity. They act as essential elements for photosynthesis, where plants convert light into chemical energy, and in the production of vital energy through cellular respiration. Additionally, nutrients contribute to the formation of robust cellular structures such as cell walls, conductive tissues, and storage systems. This chapter offers an analysis of macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium that are needed in greater quantities and have central roles, from the formation of proteins and nucleic acids to osmotic and energy regulation. It also explores micronutrients, such as iron, zinc and manganese, which, although required in smaller quantities, are essential for the activation of enzymes and metabolic balance. In addition to highlighting the specific functions of each nutrient, the text delves into the complex interaction between them, both in the soil and in plant tissues. These interactions are essential to ensure balanced and efficient nutrition, avoiding imbalances that could compromise healthy plant growth. This chapter is therefore a comprehensive introduction to understanding the chemical and biological pillars that support plant life.